動詞三態表:常用不規則動詞整理
最後更新:2026-11-10|Lingokids 台灣(先鋒教育)編輯整理
動詞三態 = 原形、過去式、過去分詞。規則動詞加 -ed(play – played – played);不規則動詞要記,可以分成 AAA、ABB、ABC、ABA 四種類型,分組背最有效率。
規則動詞:加 -ed
| 類型 | 規則 | 原形 | 過去式 / 過去分詞 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 一般 | 加 -ed | play | played |
| 字尾 e | 加 -d | like | liked |
| 子音 + y | y 改 i 加 -ed | study | studied |
| 短母音 + 單子音 | 重複字尾加 -ed | stop | stopped |
← 手機可左右滑動表格 →
-ed 的發音規則見 過去式。
AAA 型:三態都一樣
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| cut | cut | cut | 切 |
| put | put | put | 放 |
| hit | hit | hit | 打 |
| let | let | let | 讓 |
| shut | shut | shut | 關 |
| cost | cost | cost | 花費 |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | 受傷 |
| read | read | read | 讀(過去式唸 red) |
← 手機可左右滑動表格 →
ABB 型:過去式 = 過去分詞
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| buy | bought | bought | 買 |
| bring | brought | brought | 帶來 |
| think | thought | thought | 想 |
| teach | taught | taught | 教 |
| catch | caught | caught | 抓 |
| sleep | slept | slept | 睡 |
| keep | kept | kept | 保持 |
| feel | felt | felt | 感覺 |
| make | made | made | 做 |
| have | had | had | 有 |
| say | said | said | 說 |
| tell | told | told | 告訴 |
| sell | sold | sold | 賣 |
| find | found | found | 找到 |
| sit | sat | sat | 坐 |
| stand | stood | stood | 站 |
| win | won | won | 贏 |
| meet | met | met | 遇見 |
| send | sent | sent | 寄 |
| build | built | built | 建造 |
| lose | lost | lost | 遺失 |
| hear | heard | heard | 聽到 |
| leave | left | left | 離開 |
| pay | paid | paid | 付錢 |
← 手機可左右滑動表格 →
ABC 型:三態都不同
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| go | went | gone | 去 |
| eat | ate | eaten | 吃 |
| see | saw | seen | 看見 |
| do | did | done | 做 |
| take | took | taken | 拿 |
| give | gave | given | 給 |
| write | wrote | written | 寫 |
| speak | spoke | spoken | 說 |
| drive | drove | driven | 開車 |
| ride | rode | ridden | 騎 |
| fly | flew | flown | 飛 |
| draw | drew | drawn | 畫 |
| know | knew | known | 知道 |
| grow | grew | grown | 長大 |
| throw | threw | thrown | 丟 |
| swim | swam | swum | 游泳 |
| sing | sang | sung | 唱 |
| drink | drank | drunk | 喝 |
| begin | began | begun | 開始 |
| break | broke | broken | 打破 |
| wake | woke | woken | 醒來 |
| wear | wore | worn | 穿 |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | 忘記 |
| choose | chose | chosen | 選擇 |
| fall | fell | fallen | 跌倒 |
| get | got | got / gotten | 得到(gotten 為美式) |
| be | was / were | been | 是 |
← 手機可左右滑動表格 →
ABA 型:原形 = 過去分詞
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| come | came | come | 來 |
| run | ran | run | 跑 |
| become | became | become | 變成 |
← 手機可左右滑動表格 →
三態用在哪裡?
| 用法 | 公式 | 例句 | 延伸閱讀 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 過去式 | 用過去式 | I ate breakfast. | 過去式 |
| 完成式 | have / has + 過去分詞 | I have eaten breakfast. | 現在完成式 |
| 被動式 | be + 過去分詞 | The cake was eaten. | 被動式 |
記憶小技巧
- 分組念 —— 同類型一起念:sing-sang-sung、drink-drank-drunk、swim-swam-swum(i-a-u)
- 押韻背 —— bought、brought、thought、taught、caught 都是 -ought / -aught
- 造句背 —— 每天用 3 個不規則動詞說「昨天做了什麼」(見 英文日記)
先會說,再懂規則
不規則動詞對孩子來說,最好的學法是「先大量聽、說,再整理規則」。幼兒階段可以透過遊戲和情境自然吸收句型,例如 Lingokids 用互動遊戲、歌曲和角色對話,讓 2–8 歲孩子在玩中反覆接觸常用句型;上小學後再搭配本文規則整理,會更容易理解。更多文法見 英文文法入門。
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常見問題
Q:動詞三態是什麼?
動詞三態指動詞的原形(base form)、過去式(past tense)和過去分詞(past participle),例如 go – went – gone。
Q:規則動詞的三態怎麼變?
規則動詞的過去式與過去分詞都是加 -ed,例如 play – played – played;字尾是 e 只加 -d(like – liked)。
Q:過去分詞用在哪裡?
過去分詞用在完成式(have + p.p.,I have eaten)和被動式(be + p.p.,It was written)。