現在完成式:用法、過去分詞與常見時間詞
最後更新:2026-11-10|Lingokids 台灣(先鋒教育)編輯整理
現在完成式句型是 have / has + 過去分詞,用來說三件事:經驗(Have you ever been to Japan?)、剛完成(I have just finished.)、持續到現在(We have lived here for five years.)。和過去式不同,它不搭配 yesterday 這類明確過去時間。
句型
| 句型 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 肯定 | I have eaten. / She has eaten. |
| 否定 | I haven't eaten. / She hasn't eaten. |
| 疑問 | Have you eaten? —— Yes, I have. / No, I haven't. |
| 縮寫 | I've、you've、he's、she's、we've、they've |
三種主要用法
| 用法 | 例句 | 常搭配 |
|---|---|---|
| 經驗 | Have you ever seen a rainbow? | ever, never, before, once, twice |
| 剛完成、已經完成 | I have just finished my homework. | just, already, yet |
| 持續到現在 | I have lived in Taipei for 5 years. | for, since |
常用時間詞
| 時間詞 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| ever | 曾經(問句) | Have you ever ridden a horse? |
| never | 從未 | I have never been to Japan. |
| already | 已經(肯定) | I have already eaten. |
| yet | 還沒 / 已經(否定、疑問) | Have you finished yet? / Not yet. |
| just | 剛剛 | He has just left. |
| for | 持續一段時間 | for two years |
| since | 從某時起 | since 2020 |
常用過去分詞
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| be | was / were | been | 去過、曾是 |
| go | went | gone | 去 |
| eat | ate | eaten | 吃 |
| see | saw | seen | 看 |
| do | did | done | 做 |
| have | had | had | 有 |
| make | made | made | 做 |
| write | wrote | written | 寫 |
| take | took | taken | 拿 |
| ride | rode | ridden | 騎 |
| finish | finished | finished | 完成 |
| live | lived | lived | 住 |
← 手機可左右滑動表格 →
規則動詞的過去分詞和過去式一樣加 -ed,見 過去式。
現在完成式 vs 過去式
| 例句 | 說明 |
|---|---|
| I saw a panda yesterday. | 過去式:明確的過去時間 |
| I have seen a panda. | 完成式:經驗,不說何時 |
| I lost my key. | 過去式:過去發生 |
| I have lost my key. | 完成式:現在還找不到 |
小提醒:been 和 gone
- He has been to Japan. 他去過日本(已經回來)。
- He has gone to Japan. 他去日本了(還在那裡)。
練習:經驗訪問
Have you ever eaten stinky tofu? —— Yes, I have!
Have you ever seen snow? —— No, I haven't.
Have you ever been on an airplane? —— Yes, I have. I've been to Japan.
時態總覽見 英文文法入門。
常見問題
Q:現在完成式的句型是什麼?
主詞 + have / has + 過去分詞。I / you / we / they 用 have,he / she / it 用 has,例如 She has finished her homework.
Q:現在完成式和過去式有什麼不同?
過去式說「過去某個時間點」發生的事(I saw a panda yesterday.);現在完成式強調「和現在的關係」——經驗、剛完成或持續到現在(I have seen a panda.),不搭配 yesterday 等明確過去時間。
Q:for 和 since 怎麼分?
for 接一段時間(for three years);since 接起點(since 2020、since Monday)。