假設語氣 if 句型:公式與例句
最後更新:2026-11-10|Lingokids 台灣(先鋒教育)編輯整理
假設語氣用 if 說「如果…就…」。三個最重要的公式:
① 可能發生:If + 現在式, will + V
② 與現在相反:If + 過去式(be 用 were), would + V
③ 與過去相反:If + had p.p., would have p.p.
if 句型公式表
| 情況 | if 子句 | 主要子句 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 事實、習慣 | If + 現在式 | 現在式 | If you heat ice, it melts. |
| 未來可能發生 | If + 現在式 | will + V | If it rains, I will stay home. |
| 與現在事實相反 | If + 過去式 / were | would / could + V | If I were a bird, I would fly. |
| 與過去事實相反 | If + had + p.p. | would have + p.p. | If I had studied, I would have passed. |
← 手機可左右滑動表格 →
① 可能發生的條件
事情有可能成真。if 子句用現在式代替未來:If you finish your homework, we will go to the park. 未來式見 未來式。
② 與現在事實相反
現在不是真的,只是想像。動詞「退一步」用過去式,be 動詞一律 were:
- If I had wings, I would fly to school.(我沒有翅膀)
- If I were you, I would say sorry.(我不是你)
③ 與過去事實相反
過去已經發生、無法改變,表示後悔或可惜:If I had gotten up earlier, I wouldn't have missed the bus.(其實我太晚起、沒趕上)。過去分詞見 動詞三態表、現在完成式。
I wish 的用法
| 例句 | 說明 |
|---|---|
| I wish I had a dog. | 真希望我有一隻狗(現在沒有)→ 用過去式 |
| I wish I were taller. | 真希望我高一點 → be 用 were |
| I wish I had brought an umbrella. | 真希望我當時有帶傘 → had + p.p. |
注意:I hope 用在可能實現的事(I hope you like it.),I wish 多用在不太可能或相反的事。
常見錯誤
| 錯誤 | 正確 |
|---|---|
| If it will rain, I will stay home. ✗ | If it rains, I will stay home. ✓ |
| If I was you… (考試) | If I were you… ✓ |
| If I would have time, I would go. ✗ | If I had time, I would go. ✓ |
親子想像遊戲
- 如果我是… —— If I were a superhero, I would fly!(見 超級英雄英文)
- 如果下雨… —— If it rains, we will play at home.(見 天氣英文)
- 三個願望 —— I wish I had a robot.(見 魔法奇幻英文)
先會說,再懂規則
假設語氣是國小高年級到國中才會正式學的文法,但孩子其實很早就在句子裡聽過。幼兒階段透過遊戲、歌曲和故事大量接觸完整句子(例如 Lingokids 的互動遊戲與角色對話),之後學到規則時就會發現「原來我早就會說了」。更多文法見 英文文法入門。
Lingokids 所有方案都沒有廣告,下載 App 可免費試用完整版 7 天;台灣序號方案見 Lingokids 費用。
常見問題
Q:假設語氣是什麼?
假設語氣用來說「不是事實的假設」或「想像的情況」,最常見的是 if 句型,例如 If I were you, I would say sorry.(如果我是你,我會道歉)。
Q:為什麼是 If I were 而不是 If I was?
與現在事實相反的假設語氣中,be 動詞不論主詞一律用 were(If I were、If he were),這是正式文法;口語也聽得到 was,但考試以 were 為準。
Q:if 子句可以用 will 嗎?
表示「未來可能發生的條件」時,if 子句用現在式代替未來式:If it rains tomorrow, I will stay home.(不說 If it will rain)。